Essay about Aeneid vs. Odyssey - 2161 Words

Aeneid vs. Odyssey Both the Odyssey and the Aeneid share some similarities as epics; both describe the trials of a heroic figure who is the ideal representative of a particular culture. There are even individual scenes in the Aeneid are borrowed from the Odyssey. Yet, why are Odysseus and Aeneas so unlike one another? The answer is that the authors lived in two different worlds, whose values and perceptions varied greatly of a fundamental level. To illustrate, two common ideas woven into the Odyssey are custom and recklessness. Customs were handed down by the gods, and were meant to keep men safe by giving them civilization. When men were reckless (when they flaunted custom and the gods), they invited retribution†¦show more content†¦His eventual passage home has been agreed upon by Zeus, whose will is not subject to error.1 However, in the past Odysseus wounded Polyphemos and in reckless abandon questioned the power of the gods; while he was fleeing from the Cyclops he yelled If I could take your life I would and take your time away, and hurl you down to hell! The god of earthquake could not heal you there!2 For this affront, Poseidon decided to make Odysseus journey home a long and difficult one. The god of the sea sends a storm his way but Odysseus survives with the nereid Inos gift and guidance. After Poseidon departs, he finally reaches Skherias shore with Athenas help. The opening scenes in the Aeneid corresponds to Homers sequence. Aeneas and the Trojans are on their ships, heading to found a new city after many travails. The eventual founding of the city has been agreed upon by Jupiter, and thus the Trojans [d]estiny is unaltered3 regardless of what calamity befalls them. However, Juno is worried that the Trojans descendants will eventually surpass the Greeks, root up her Libyan empire4, and enslave the children of Agamemnon5; so she convinces Aeolus to release to some winds to destroy them now. The winds are so fierce that they need a heap of mountains [laid] upon them and even then [b]ehind the bars they bellow, mightily fretting: the mountain is one immense murmur.6 Aeolus releases them by pushing his spear at theShow MoreRelatedThe Odyssey And Aeneid Vs. Today992 Words   |  4 PagesEssay 1: Hell in The Odyssey/Aeneid vs. Today As humans, we are always imagining what our lives will be like when we die. While the depictions of what hell or heaven may be from the ancient times and now, what has stayed consist is the idea of an afterlife altogether. In The Aeneid, Aeneas has his own version of what the underworld is. Hell is depicted in Book VI of The Aeneid where the Trojans sail back to Sicily where the death of Anchises is marked. Aeneas enters the underworld after meetingRead MoreGreek Mythology And The Mythology850 Words   |  4 Pagesthe epic Aeneid; however, Greek mythology has existed longer. There is no specific evidence proving when Greek mythology actually began; Greek myths are chronicled through Homer’s epics, Iliad and The Odyssey, which seem to have existed at least 700 years prior to when Roman civilization even began (Greek vs Roman). Before these epics were written, Greek myths were passed along through spoken word. Also, when comparing and contrasting the Roman epic Aeneid to Homer’s Iliad and The Odyssey one willRead MoreVirgil vs. Homer in Underworld1569 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ How does Virgil deviate from Homer in the underworld, and why? 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Psychology Is The Scientific Study Of The Mind And Behavior

A Look into Psychology Psychology is known to be the scientific study of the human’s mind and behavior. Psychology is not the study of extraordinary mind activity like paranormal, extrasensory perception (ESP), astrology, nor phrenology. Psychology is theoretically constructed and uses a standard scientific process to discover evidences of that human’s behavior. Psychology also allows an individual to give special assistance to a specific group of children who could have a difficult time in school by determining their IQ. In this essay, I’m going to describe a few details of how Psychology is the science of the mind, what scientific methods that are used in Psychology, and many other things involving Psychology like a person’s intelligence (IQ) and a child’s development milestones. Psychology is important for helping people to development mentally. In the first week of General Psychology we learned, Psychology involves with the study of the human’s behavior and in the mind. Many people get psychology mix-up with Pseudoscience, which is the study of extraordinary mind activities like paranormal, extrasensory perception (ESP), astrology, and phrenology. The difference between Psychology and Pseudoscience is the scientific evidence. Psychology is theoretically constructed and uses a standard scientific process or method to discover evidences of the human’s behavior. Pseudoscience on the other hand, is literally a false body of knowledge to make it seems like its real; it isShow MoreRelatedPsychology Is The Scientific Study Of The Mind And Behavior791 Words   |  4 Pagesinner most feelings. The field of psychology was created to understand human behavior to help make society a better place and people live much easier. Psychology is field with sub fields that differ but the underlining core values are the same. The path to becoming a psychologist is challenging and not easy but most people entering the field feel like it is their callin g. 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What is DNA Forensic Free Essays

DNA forensics is a scientific analysis of evidence for crime scene investigations and other legal proceedings. To a DNA profile, scientists compare sequence In the genome that varies from person to person. Like a gene, a encoding genetic sequence is more likely to be match between relatives than between unrelated Individuals (Simon, Dickey, Race). We will write a custom essay sample on What is DNA Forensic or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, In the case of a shooting In a Wild Buffalo Wings parking lot In Bear Delaware, police use forensic to link the two Burns and Evans in the case of a 23 year-old they shot. Burns and Evans met up with the 23 year-old to buy heroin from him. The drug dealer enters the car and was shot by Burns. Victim ran into a store and drove to Christiana Hospital in critical condition. Police went to Burns and Evans home were they searched the vehicle and found blood stains that Burns tried to clean up with bleach. Blood stains were visible at crime scene and matched victim that was shot. Another DNA application is a paternity test, my friend had a baby and the father denied the child. Therefore, the court made the father take a paternity test by swabbing the side of his out. The test came back that he was the father and now he has to pay child support. Lastly, a man In Philadelphia raped a doctor. Surveillance cameras were able to get a picture of the person. Somebody called In with a tip and they went to the person Job. They took blood and hair samples and determines he did Indeed rape the doctor. Population evolution and microbial life is inherited traits through successive generation’s overtime. Some examples would be a butterfly that was very colorful. Prior to this type of style, the butterfly used to be a dull color and it was most reverent. The dull butterfly would hide in flowers to avoid being attacked or eaten. But the pollution generated stained the dull color flowers to a bright color. Eventually the dull color butterfly was attack because it could no longer hide by the flowers, which made It less prevalent and made the bright color butterfly more predominant. This example shows how the population had evolved to a higher adaptive condition. Another example would be mutation, a lizard patterns duplicated over time to other lizards from the same family would be considered gene duplication. Lastly, someone an past DNA trait to one family member after another over time. For example, my mother had me and see pass me her traits/DNA. When I had my kids a passed down some of the traits from my mother and the cycle will continue when they have their kids. Biology and diversity refers to all of earth species. There are millions of species living on earth according to scientist. It is important that earth species continue to thrive and evolve because earth would be in danger if we loss biodiversity. The world ecosystem would collapse, food that humans need to fight off certain diseases and crops and plant would not exist. This would be the case because a population with decreased genetic diversity has less ability to evolve In response to environmental change. Also, the enormous genetic diversity of all the organisms on Earth has great potential benefit for people, too. Many researchers and biotechnology leaders are enthusiastic about the potential that genetic â€Å"prospecting† may also hold the key the spread of a deadly new strain of wheat steam rust, a fungal pathogen that has devastated harvests in eastern Africa and central Asia. At least 75% of the wheat varieties planted worldwide is susceptible to this pathogen, but researchers hope to mind a resistance gene in the wild relatives of wheat (Simon, Dickey, Race). Plants have four stages of evolution. The first stage is bryophytes the lack true roots and leaves. Bryophytes also lack aligning, the wall-hardening material that enables other plants to stand tall. Without liquefied cell walls, bryophytes have weak upright support. The most familiar bryophytes are mosses (Simon, Dickey, Race). The second one is ferns seedless plants. Next is gymnosperm, pine trees also known as cone-bearing trees. Lastly, angiosperms bear seeds. Animals have eight life cycles such as meiosis, fertilization, mitosis, blastula, early gastrula, later gastrula, larva and metamorphosis. Population increases, over a specific period of time, in the number of individuals living in a country or region. Population can change throughout the years due to deaths, births and dispersal of individual from separate populations. When resources are functioning properly, the population will increase dramatically. For example, births, death, and environment are natural factors that can affect population growth. Another example of population growth is population loss due to endangerment or extinction. What is biomass and ecosystem? According to Campbell Essential Biology biomass is a major terrestrial or aquatic life zone, characterized by vegetarian type in terrestrial biomass and the physical environment in aquatic biomass and ecosystem is all the organism in a given area, along with the nonliving (biotic) factors with which they interact; a biological community and its physical environment (Simon, Dickey, Race). The difference between the two is that ecosystem is a community and physical environment where as biomass major terrestrial or aquatic life zone. For example, the ecosystem of northern New York and California have similar plants and animal life, temperature, and amount of sunlight. They combine to make up the tollgate bimbo. Microbial life is short for microbe and it describes many organisms. How to cite What is DNA Forensic, Papers

The Impossible Trinity Essay Example Essay Example

The Impossible Trinity Essay Example Paper The Impossible Trinity Essay Introduction The impossible trinity Stephen Grenville, 26 November 2011 The impossible trinity doctrine – that it is not possible to have a fixed exchange rate, monetary policy autonomy, and open capital markets – still holds powerful sway over policymakers and academia. But it does not reflect reality in East Asian emerging countries. Assets in different currencies and different countries are not close substitutes. Capital flows to emerging countries present serious challenges, but the trinity is not the best framework for analysing the policy options. Capital flows are rarely discussed without a genuflection in the direction of the impossible trinity, also known as the trilemma. For example, Magud et al (2011) write: â€Å". a trinity is always at work. It is not possible to have a fixed (or highly managed) exchange rate, monetary policy autonomy, and open capital markets. † According to the trilemma, a stable exchange rate without capital controls requires domestic and for eign interest rates to be equal. Otherwise, ‘uncovered interest arbitrage’ will force continuous appreciation or depreciation of the currency. As such, nations without capital controls must choose between stabilising the exchange rate (by slaving interest rates to foreign rates) and stabilising the domestic economy (adjusting interests slaved to domestic macro conditions but letting the exchange rate fluctuate). Mechanically, this is enforced – according to trilemma logic – by substantial capital inflows or outflows and the impact of these on the money supply. Why this doesn’t fit the East Asia experience Since the 1997–98 Asian crisis, East Asian countries have clearly run their own independent monetary policies. They have successfully set interest rates to broadly achieve their inflation objectives. As Figure 1 shows, they are most definitely not all slaving their rates to foreign rates. Figure 1. Despite this, their exchange rates have bee n fairly stable. They have managed their primary exchange-rate objective – leaning against the prevailing appreciation pressures in order to maintain international competitiveness (see Figure 2). Remember that according to the classic trilemma, the similarity in exchange-rate movements since the global crisis should have coincided with identical interest rate levels (all equal to, eg, the US nterest rate); comparing Figures 1 and 2, we see this isn’t the case. Figure 2. These attempts to restrain appreciation have involved heavy government intervention, resulting in very large increases in foreign-exchange reserves (Figure 3). This didn’t, however, cause excessive increases in base money (Figure 4), thanks to effective sterilisation by open-market operations and increases in banks’ required reserves. Figure 3. Foreign-exchange reserves as a share of GDP Figure 4. Growth in foreign-exchange reserves (y-axis) and base money (x-axis), Percent, 2001–07 Why doesn’t the trinity apply? The Impossible Trinity Essay Body Paragraphs There are four reasons why the trinity doesn’t work in East Asia. First, if uncovered interest parity held, markets would treat different currencies as close substitutes. An investor would know that the interest differential would be a good guide to where the exchange rate was heading and even small interest differentials would trigger large arbitrage flows. It is now abundantly clear that interest parity offers feeble guidance for the exchange rate–interest rate nexus (see Engel 1996). The parity condition often gets the direction wrong, let alone the quantity (Cavalo 2006), as it does for six of the seven countries illustrated in Figure 5. Figure 5. Annual average interest differential versus change in exchange rate 2001–10 Capital flows responding strongly to interest differentials are the core element in the impossible trinity story. But in practice: Different currencies are not close substitutes; and Capital flows are driven by many other forces besides sh ort-term interest differentials. Second, instead of well-formed views on how different currencies will behave over time, there are fluctuating (sometimes wildly fluctuating) assessments of risk attached to cross-currency holdings. The higher interest rates generally available in emerging countries have encouraged carry trade–type capital inflows, but these were offset by official reserve increases (Figure 6). Figure 6. Net capital flows to emerging countries ($ trillion) Third, the impossible trinity envisages that any intervention to prevent these capital flows from bidding up the exchange rate will be fully reflected in base money increases which will, in turn, thwart the authority’s attempts to set interest rates as desired. But this sort of base money-multiplier view of monetary policy no longer corresponds with the way monetary policy works in practice. These days the authorities set the policy interest rate directly via announcement, while managing liquidity in t he short-term money market through open-market operations, including an effective capacity to sterilise foreign-exchange intervention (Figure 4). In some cases (eg China) excess base money was effectively sterilised through increases in banks’ required reserves. Thus capital flows do not usually prevent the authorities from setting interest rates according to their objectives. Finally, the impossible trinity envisages that any official intervention in foreign-exchange markets will be taking the exchange rate away from its equilibrium, opening up arbitrage opportunities. But suppose, instead, that the authorities have a better understanding (or longer-term view) of where the equilibrium lies, and are managing the exchange rate to maintain it in a band around the equilibrium. East Asian countries have not, in general, prevented some appreciation of their exchange rates, but they have sought, through intervention, to prevent momentum-driven overshooting. Is there a useful softer version of the impossible trinity? Even if the impossible trinity in its pure version does not hold, is it still a useful concept in a looser version, as a reminder that there are interconnections and policy constraints between interest rates, exchange rates, and capital flows? Frankel [2] As they become more closely integrated internationally, foreign investors will increasingly respond to this underlying profitability differential. How can this prospect of sustained higher returns be reconciled with portfolio balance for the foreigners whose initial portfolios are in the lower-return mature economies? This, not the short-term impossible trinity problem, is the policy challenge Conclusion The impossible trinity began as a useful theoretical insight into the nteractions of policy instruments. It is still a useful blackboard reminder that not all policy combinations are possible. The blackboard illustration, however, has been adopted as a doctrinal policy rule. This over-emphasis on a simple thought-experiment may have been because it served to support the arguments for free-floating exchange rates. The argument went like this: capital controls are not workable; if you want to have your own monetary policy, then you have to let your exchange rates float freely. But the impossible trinity was a stylised insight relying on simplified assumptions. The real world was always more complex and nuanced. Of course there is some connection between interest differentials and capital flows. But there are other forces motivating capital flows, and these are much more random and non-optimising than envisaged by the impossible trinity. The fickle changes in risk assessments, mindless herding, and booms and busts in the capital-exporting countries make international capital flows volatile in ways not envisioned in the trinity. Author’s Note: This column is based on ‘The Impossible Trinity and Capital Flows in East Asia’, Asian Development Bank Institute Wo rking Paper 318 November 2011. References Aizenman, J, MD Chinn, and H Ito (2009), â€Å"Surfing the Waves of Globalisation: Asia and Financial Globalisation in the Context of the Trilemma†, Asian Development Bank Working Papers No. 180. Cavalo, M (2006), â€Å"Interest Rates, Carry Trades, and Exchange Rate Movements†, FRBSF Economic Newsletter 2006/31. Engel, C (1996), â€Å"The forward discount anomaly and the risk premium: a survey of recent evidence†, Journal of Empirical Finance (32): 305–319. Frankel, JA (1999), â€Å"No single currency regime is right for all countries or at all times†, Princeton Essays in International Finance 215. Magud, NE, CMReinhart and KSRogoff (2011), â€Å"Capital controls: myth and reality – a portfolio balance†, Peterson Institute Working paper 11-7 1 Except, of course, Hong Kong, with its fixed rate. Singapore is a special case, implementing monetary policy via the exchange rate rather than interest rates. Its capital market is open; it closely manages its exchange rate; and it has an independent monetary policy, achieving its objective of having one of the lowest inflation rates in the world. 2 Some might see this same argument in terms of growth rates. Interest rates will approximate the economy’s growth rate (whether measured in real or nominal terms). Thus the higher prospective growth rates of the emerging countries will be accompanied by higher interest rates. Share on linkedin Share on facebook Share on twitter Share on email More Sharing Services 12 We will write a custom essay sample on The Impossible Trinity Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Impossible Trinity Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Impossible Trinity Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Main Cause of Crime and Poverty in India Essay Example

Main Cause of Crime and Poverty in India Essay Example Main Cause of Crime and Poverty in India Essay Main Cause of Crime and Poverty in India Essay QUESTIONNAIRE 1) What do you think is the main cause of poverty in India? Unemployment Poor parenting skill Lack of free government institutions Urbanization 2) What do you think is the main cause of crime in India among the poor? Poor education support The absence of social control Urbanisation Any other- please specify 3) Do you think crime is more prevalent among the lower social standings or among the higher class? Higher class Lower class 4) Do you think crime is more prevalent among the educated or the uneducated? Educated Uneducated 5) What are the reasons for crime among the educated class? Peer pressure Aggression Low self control Poor supervision by parents 6) If social media is responsible for the incidences of crime. Which of these social media may be a cause of crime? Choose any two from the following responsible for it according to you. Newspapers Television Cinema Internet Social networking sites employment Give free education opportunities Make the law stricter Eradicate quota system for education and Jobs Free vocational training for youth till 12th std 8) Do you think the government is working towards decreasing the number of crimes taking place in India? Yes No Maybe 9) If yes, what two steps do you think the government should take to decrease the number of crimes in India? 10) Do you think the government is working towards eradicating poverty in India? Yes 11) If yes, what two steps do you think the government should take to eradicate poverty in India? Thank you for your co-operation.

The Biggest Sharks in the World

The Biggest Sharks in the World The whale shark holds the title of the worlds biggest shark species. Growing to a length of about 65 feet (the length of about 1 1/2 school buses!) and weighing about 75,000 pounds, this streamlined fish is really a gentle giant.   Some areas frequented by these sharks, such as Ningaloo Reef  in Australia, have become popular tourist destinations because of their swim-with-sharks programs. Whale sharks live  in tropical and warmer temperate waters in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. In addition to their size, these sharks can be easily recognized by their gorgeous coloration, which is formed from lighter spots and stripes over a gray, blue or brown skin. They also have very wide mouths, which they use to eat tiny prey primarily plankton, crustaceans, and small fish, which are filtered from the water as the shark swims. The second-biggest shark species is the basking shark, which grows to about 40 feet long. These animals are also plankton feeders. They live primarily in temperate ocean waters throughout the world. The Biggest Shark Filmed In summer 2015, a video swept the news, touting it was the biggest shark ever filmed. What many of the news reports failed to mention is the species. There are more than 400 shark species, and they range in size from the 60-foot whale shark to pygmy sharks and lantern sharks that are less than a foot long when fully grown. The biggest shark filmed was actually a white shark, also known as a great white shark. At average lengths of 10 to 15 feet, white sharks are generally much smaller than a whale shark or basking shark.   So, while the 20-foot white shark nicknamed Deep Blue may (or may not) be the largest white shark ever filmed, its by far not the largest shark ever filmed as there is plenty of video footage of much larger whale sharks and their slightly smaller relatives, the basking shark.   The Biggest Shark Ever Caught According to the International Game Fish Association, the largest shark ever caught was a white shark nabbed in  Ceduna, Australia. This shark weighed 2,664 pounds.   Another one of the largest white sharks caught is thought to be a 20-foot shark caught by a trawler about 12 miles off the coast of Prince Edward Island, Canada. The significance of the sharks size was underestimated at the time, and the shark was initially buried. Eventually, a scientist dug it up to investigate it and realized the enormity of the find. The shark was later estimated to have been about 20 years old, meaning it may still have had some growing to do Sources Bateman, D. 2015. Canadian Who Caught Real-Life Jaws Wishes He Hadnt. Toronto Star Newspapers. CBS News. 2015. Giant Great White Shark Caught OFF P.E.I. Was a Teenager. Grenoble, R. 2015. This Is Deep Blue, Probably the Biggest Shark Youve Ever Seen. The Huffington Post.Martins, Carol, and Craig Knickle. 2009.  Whale Shark.  Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department.

Evaluation of the Current Status of Alitalia Essay

Evaluation of the Current Status of Alitalia - Essay Example Correspondingly, this report intends to examine the prospects of Etihad Airways which has started to examine the possibility to buy a majority/total stake in Alitalia, the Italian struggling airline. Alitalia is a prominent Italian based airline group and one of the leading players in the European airline industry. The group operates under the brand name of Alitalia and offers an assortment of premium services at all levels including the purview of domestic, international and intercontinental destinations. Air One is a subsidiary of Alitalia Group that provides low-cost flights to domestic and international routes. Alitalia is a privately owned group and 75% of its ownership is retained by Italian entrepreneurial and financial world while the remaining 25% is acquired by the biggest European airline, Air France-KLM. The group is also the member of SkyTeam alliance and has opened transatlantic joint venture with Air France KLM and Delta. The group over the years has been able to secure and distinguish its position amid its customers particularly due to its superior service quality, maintenance, and passenger care. The pool of well-trained employees along with effective operational management has established it as the most punctual airline across Europe. At the same time, the extensive and ambitious investment plan to make its fleet modernize has tremendously facilitated it with attaining greater customer confidence and trust. Apart from transportation of passengers, the company also operates in cargo sector. It has been able to meet the customers’ shipping requirements through the effective arrangement of cargo charter flights (Alitalia n.d.). Moreover, it has the most modern fleet of 132 aircraft. The company’s financial health during 2012 was worst affected with increasing loss and augmenting debt. However, amid this sluggish performance, the market share of the group across all routes continued to st ay stable at around 22.6% (Alitalia 2013).