Rayon’s market

Britton to acquire American Fiber market consists of Rayon, Nylon and Cotton. Rayon's market share was increasingly rapid until 1959 but started to fall by year 1960. Nylon was introduced in 1955 and was eating up the market for Rayon. It has achieved a good increase in market share every year.1 . 3rd largest producer of rayon in the SSI . Increased earning difficulties 2. $MOM liquid assets 2. Rayon industry was declining 3. No short or long-term debt 3. Entry of new fiber products 4. Modern central manufacturing facility l. Problem Institutional Should MR., Inc. Acquire American Rayon Inc. (AR') ? OperationalIs Marc's management control system well suited to handle AR'? II. Objectives 1. To find out viability of MRS. acquisition of AR'. 2. To find out how much should MR. pay for the AIR acquisition. 3. To find the Net Present Value of AR'. Corporate Objective 1. Growth is the explicit objective of the acquisition program 2. And borrowing capacity Areas of Consideration 1. SOOT STRE NGTHS AIR is the 3rd largest producer or Rayon Strengthen liquidity AIR had over $20 million in liquid assets that were not needed for operations – No short or long term debt They had a modern manufacturing facility, their facilities can be retrofitted for ewe technology. MR. has a long history of successful acquisitions through its diversification campaign (therefore they have enough experience in handling risks and problems connected to acquisitions. – James Clinton, President of AR', had expressed willingness to stay and offer his services even after the acquisition for two years. WEAKNESSES MR. has a weak R & D MR. maxed out credit benefits From 1955, rayon began to falter AIR faced earning difficulties with a shrinking industry MR. management lacked the technical know-how to contribute o ARIA'S profitability OPPORTUNITIES upcoming innovation (polyester) in the fiber industry.THREATS The growth of Rayon has been falling which was about to become obsolete. – Introduction of new raw materials in the tire cord business- Acquiring AIR might entangle MR. in a dying business Competitors in the fiber industry 2. Macroeconomic Indicators Political Political climate in different countries producing and buying automobiles regarding policies on import, export and manufacture of automobiles and automobile components. This will also include policies on allowing setting up of manufacturing plants by foreign companies. Stability of governments. This may affect the future conditions in a country. Taxation policies. Economic Recession – Demand for cars, during the period, would result to decline as a result of higher levels of unemployment, lower purchasing power and the resulting postponement of new car purchases, decline in per capita automobile travel and volatile fuel prices. Reductions in per capita automobile travel directly impacted demand for tires and thereby tire cord in the replacement market. Debt Crisis – . Credit restriction s as a result of austerity measures implemented by debt ridden governments, consumer indecisiveness, weakening consumer confidence as a result f periodic flaring up the region's financial problems, would result in slowing down auto sales Level of economic activity that affects need for commercial use of automobiles Exchange rate, interest rate, GAP, inflation & other economic indicators Demographic The population figures and automobile buying capacity of people. The aging baby boomer population and their proximity to retirement age is increasing annually while the number of young drivers in the 16 to 29 year age bracket is increasing at the slowest pace. The discrepancy between the growing number of retirees and the educed number of young drivers is bound to manifest itself by way of reduced growth in the vehicle buying population. Socio-cultural Lifestyle and preferences of people that has an impact on their choice of types of automobiles. Social norms that impact the decision to o wn and use automobiles versus other means of transport.Market Profile and Outlook There is significant uncertainty since MR. is uncertain about the future of the rayon business. There are different perceptions about whether the potential of the AIR acquisition is big, but in new unfamiliar area such as rayon market the information is not enough. There are huge questions surrounding the potential of this business. Questions like how the market may evolve, considering the fact that the rayon industry had enjoyed one of the most spectacular successes in the history of tire manufacturing and at one point, the rayon industry started to decline.On another note, AIR is also expected to pick up and gain market share as smaller companies vertical and functional integration; taking the fact that MR. already has strengths in the manufacturing of power brake systems, industrial furnaces and etc. The acquisition may be able help MR. to enter the new market of rayon production and also use rayon to get deeper into tire manufacturing. Competition Different synthetic fibers compete for shares of the total fiber market principally on the basis of relative prices and relative quality characteristics.Diversification program created significant strains on the Company's organization structure and financial position. Since continued rapid diversification was considered imperative, Company's highly- centralized decision-making processes had shifted to a highly decentralized management structure, which transferred substantial decision- making power to division managers. In 1961, there were seven divisions. All marketing, purchasing, manufacturing, research and development, personnel matters, and accounting were handled at the division level.Each division has its own manager (usually a Vice-President) and had responsibility for the growth and profitability of his division. A division manager could get stock options and earn an annual bonus of up to 60% of his base salary depending on the earnings and growth of his division. Divisional sales and earnings goals. Divisional sales and earnings formulated by each general manager and submitted each November to the head office for review by Mr.. Britton and the Corporate Staff. The corporate staff provided legal, administrative, and financial support to the divisions and handled external affairs, financing and acquisitions as well.The staff, including corporate officers, consisted of fewer than 60 people, about half of whom would be classified as secretarial and clerical. With this, Mr.. Britton has the capacity to exercise adequate to exercise control over the decentralized organization through its power to hire and fire at the division manager level and important, through control of the elaborate capital budgeting yester. s product lines were power brake systems for trucks, buses, and automobiles; industrial furnaces and heat-treating equipment; and automobile, truck, and bus frames.

Macbeth English CW Essay

Malcolm calls Macbeth and Lady Macbeth ‘this dead butcher and his fiend like queen,’ (Act 5, Scene 9, Line 36). Do you think that Lady Macbeth has any redeeming qualities? In this essay I will try to show that Lady Macbeth, although she is evil, does have some redeeming qualities. I think that Lady Macbeth does have redeeming qualities and that she shows these at different points throughout the play. I think that we can see Lady Macbeth as a different person because we see what happens at points when Malcolm doesn’t. We know that Lady Macbeth was not responsible for the killing of Banquo and The thane of Fife’s wife and children. However, there is ambiguity over the question of whether Lady Macbeth is a witch or not. In these times a witch could have been identified by her ability to predict the future, fly, sail in sieves, bring on night in daytime and their ‘damned spot’. This is a supposed red mark on a witch’s body from where the devil has supposedly sucked blood. In act 1, scene 5 she says: ‘Come, you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here And fill me from the crown to the toe topfull Of direst cruelty’ This suggests that she wants evil spirits to take over to allow her to do what needs to happen. This makes us think that she may be a witch. In Elizabethan times people were quite scared of witches and King James, the king at the time, was especially fascinated by witches. In act 1, scene 5 Lady Macbeth seems very pleased to receive Macbeth’s letter but we see her say that she doesn’t think that Macbeth will be brave enough to murder Duncan for the crown. We also see that she is ambitious and ruthless when she says: ‘And chastise with the valour of my tongue All that impedes thee from the golden round,’ But she appears to be ambitious for her husband and not for herself. I think that this is a redeeming quality as she just wants to help her husband, as she doesn’t think he will go through with it because he is not tough enough. This seems fiend like as to suggest to kill a king is awful, made even worse by the fact that he will be sleeping and unarmed. A soldier would only consider killing and armed man, in battle morally right but to kill a guest is morally wrong. This is also regicide, and Shakespeare was taking a big risk putting such a controversial thing into one of his plays. I think that Lady Macbeth might horrify the audience with her language here especially when she says: ‘Which fate and metaphysical aid doth seem To have thee crowned withal.’ I think that the audience would have been particularly shocked with the words ‘metaphysical aid’ as these are supernatural forces. I think that the audience would have been shocked further when Lady Macbeth says: ‘Come, you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here And fill me from the crown to the toe topfull Of direst cruelty’ Here Lady Macbeth calls to the evil spirits and asks them to full her with cruelty. This would have suggested that she either was a witch or wanted to become a witch. For the audience at this time this would have been horrifying. The words that Shakespeare uses suggest that Lady Macbeth’s head is full of thoughts of becoming queen, especially when she says, ‘crown’. Also the alliteration in the phrase, ‘to the toe topfull’, stresses the ‘t’ sounds and stresses the syllables of ‘topfull’. Then Shakespeare uses soft ‘s’ sounds, which sound like hissing, suggest Lady Macbeth’s association with evil. The association with evil comes from the story of Adam and Eve. In the Bible Adam and Eve are tempted by a snake to take an apple from the tree. This snake was in fact the devil and this therefore associates a snake (or hissing sounds) with the devil and evil. I don’t think that Macbeth’s and Lady Macbeth’s relationship is conventional for the time as she seems to have a more male role. She seems stronger than Macbeth and in a way seems to have a power over him. She hasn’t even spoken to him yet and she has already decided what the plan of action is going to be in order for him to become king. In Act 1, Scene 6, we see Lady Macbeth welcoming Duncan to her house. In this scene she plays the role of the hostess and seems to be extremely evil in this scene. We have just seen her telling Macbeth about the plan to kill Duncan and now she is being really nice to Duncan. This will cause the audience to dislike her as we can see that she is obviously not a very nice person. This shows her as being really two faced and insincere towards Duncan. She is being, as she tells Macbeth to be later on, the innocent flower but the serpent underneath. In Act 1, Scene 7, we see Macbeth talking to himself and saying that he has no motives or good reasons to kill Duncan. But then Lady Macbeth comes in and uses blackmail and she taunts him to get him to go through with this, and to get her own way. ‘When you durst do it, then you were a man. And to be more than what you were, you would Be so much more the man.’ This suggest that Lady Macbeth thinks that Macbeth is a coward and therefore not a man. This is fiend like as she is blackmailing Macbeth into doing it. She is telling him he is not a man, and to be unmanned was a bad thing in Elizabethan times. Lady Macbeth, therefore, looks like she is very responsible for Duncan’s death as it wouldn’t have even happened if Lady Macbeth hadn’t persuaded Macbeth to do it. In this scene Macbeth appears to be weak and not the dominant person in this relationship. Also she doesn’t appear to show any recognition that what she is doing is so wrong. I think that Lady Macbeth would shock the audience when she says that she would rather kill her own child than break such a promise as this one. ‘†¦I have given suck and know How tender ’tis to love the babe that milks me: I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums And dashed the brains out, had I so sworn†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This also shoes Lady Macbeth’s fiend like qualities. This statement would have shocked the audience greatly. She says that she would kill her own baby while it was smiling at her while she was breast feeding it if she had sworn to do so. This is a shocking statement and I think it would have shocked anyone. This truly shows how evil she is. This statement also raises another point of ambiguity. Lady Macbeth says, ‘I have given suck†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This suggests that she has had a baby but there appears to be no child now. This raises the question of where the child is or if it is even alive. In Act 2, Scene 2 Lady Macbeth appears to have a few redeeming qualities. The fact that she has had to have a drink because she isn’t feeling brave is a redeeming quality. Also the fact that her thought are flicking around shows her tension and suggests that she is not as impenetrably ruthless as she seems. ‘†¦He is about it. The doors are open, and the surfeited grooms Do mock their charge with snores.’ This is another redeeming quality as it may shows her feeling guilty. Also when she says: ‘†¦Had he not resembled My father as he slept, I had done’t.’ This shows that she does have compassion as she couldn’t kill someone who looked like her father. Also in this scene when Macbeth comes back from killing Duncan, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have a frantic, disjointed conversation while Macbeth is holding the daggers. This conversation last for thirty seven lines and it is only on the last line that Lady Macbeth realises that Macbeth is still holding the daggers. This shows how panic stricken they are and how neither is thinking clearly. This is a redeeming quality as this suggests that Lady Macbeth feels guilty and worried. In Act 2, Scene 3, Lady Macbeth faints when she hears that Duncan has been murdered. This is ambiguous as we don’t know if she is actually fainting or whether she is trying to cover up the situation. However this point is ambiguous as there are a number of reasons for why she might have fainted. She could be surprised (or even dismayed) that Macbeth is acting on his own or she might be shocked at Macbeth’s rashness when he kills the guards. Another point is that she might genuinely be upset at Macbeth’s gory description, as she said that Duncan reminded her of her father. The story which is probably more likely is that she is trying to draw attention away from the fact that Macbeth killed the guards to stop him from looking so guilty. This shows how evil she is. She doesn’t want people to focus on it too much and she also doesn’t want to be blamed. In Act 3, Scene 2, we see that Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have drifted apart ad become more distant. Macbeth has become more independent as well. We see this when we see that Macbeth has made plans to kill Banquo, but Lady Macbeth is not involved. This is a redeeming quality as we see that Lady Macbeth has nothing to do with this murder, only they murder of Duncan which was to help her husband anyway. She seems to be affected by this as she asks him what will happen, ‘What’s to be done?’, but Macbeth won’t tell her. In Act 3, Scene 4, we see the banquet held by Macbeth. Lady Macbeth seems to be different at the start of this scene as Macbeth says, ‘our hostess keeps her state’. These suggest that Lady Macbeth is sitting quietly, away from everyone else. This shows that she is not acting like the conventional hostess. This also ambiguous and suggests that Lady Macbeth may have begun to lose her mind already or she may be feeling isolated as she and Macbeth have drift apart. This could also shows that she is feeling guilty which is a redeeming quality. However, as soon as Macbeth leaves the feast Lady Macbeth goes after him to remind him that he mustn’t leave and that he needs to go and be the host. When Macbeth starts to see Banquo and behave weirdly, Lady Macbeth covers up for him but tells him to stop being stupid and entertain the guests. ‘You have displaced the mirth, broke the good meeting With most admired disorder.’ Here she is scorning Macbeth for ruining the banquet and drawing attention to himself. Lady Macbeth does not seem to feel guilty in this scene but she does seem afraid. I don’t think that she shows signs of feeling in this scene as she still blackmails and taunts Macbeth to get him to sit down and act as though everything is normal. Act 5, Scene 1 is the last scene that we see with Lady Macbeth in it. I think that Shakespeare uses the sleepwalking in this scene so that all can be revealed by Lady Macbeth to another character. I think that in this scene we begin to feel sorry for Lady Macbeth and I think that she has some redeeming qualities in this scene. One is that she acknowledges that she has done something wrong. ‘What will these hands ne’er be clean?’ This shows that she thinks she has blood on her hands and she wants then to be clean. She obviously feels guilty as she is having nightmares about it all. Also in this scene Lady Macbeth begins to speak in prose. Shakespeare always makes his main characters speak in verse but Lady Macbeth no longer speaks in verse. This shows that she is mad and is no longer important to the play. Also I think another redeeming quality is that she seems to feel responsible for all the deaths throughout the play, even tough she was only really responsible for one of the deaths, Duncan’s. I think that in this scene we begin to feel sorry for Lady Macbeth and like her a bit more. This scene shows that she does have redeeming qualities and that she isn’t completely evil. I don’t think that lady Macbeth is a ‘fiend like queen’. I think she is evil but has many redeeming qualities which make her seem a lot better as you go through the play. I also think that the fact that we see more of Lady Macbeth than Malcolm does mean we have the opportunity to see these redeeming qualities whereas Malcolm might not. I think that the moral of this play is don’t kill the king. It is not honourable or good and it will come back to haunt you.

An Extremely Long Essay About Nothing

I rarely feel something so strongly to be true that it consumes my identity. Because of this I have developed a false self confidence of sorts. A voice in my head that tells me I am Justified and correct when I finally do reach some level of conviction. I think the logic at work here is that if I am not easily convicted then I must only be convicted by something extraordinarily convincing.I ay false confidence, but the truth is I trust this intuition and allow it to guide my actions regarding the big questions. Since most of my strongly held beliefs have taken a long time to form I am not ashamed to hold them once they reach maturity. I think this is a good thing. Another part of the way my mind works is that my convictions are subject to change. I think this is also a good thing. It feels to me that the Truth is never going to reveal itself to me as a whole so to get closer to the Truth my views should constantly be changing and adapting as more and more of the unreachable is revealed to me. Truth, I would say at this point In my life, Is not entirely obtainable. However, I would also qualify this statement and say that It Is every bit worth searching for. Which brings me to my main point. I do not write this to make an argument for why Truth Is worth the search, that would be another topic Id love to tackle and might at some point. No, I write this to explain primarily to myself where I am right now as far as my convictions and where those convictions are going to and coming from.

Sales promotion campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sales promotion campaign - Essay Example The main target demographic is comprised primarily of upwardly mobile middle class white collar workers interested in maintaining a certain status of success who typically already have well-defined ideas of what types of drinks are appropriate for their position in life. According to Hugh Archibald, chairman of the National Association of Cider Makers, â€Å"drinkers in England have a deep-rooted perception of cider as a rustic ‘alternative’ drink† (cited in C&C, n.d.). Recognizing value in a product is a quality most Britons pride themselves on, particularly in the larger cities among the prime demographic group. Among these consumers, image is important in helping to develop this perception of quality. â€Å"UK consumers know about quality, they have an expert knowledge of organic products and what is good for them. They understand that quality is important† (Vyse, 2005). If Magners can position itself as a product that offers higher quality and therefore greater value for the money spent, it can repeat its Ireland success throughout Great Britain as well. It will be the objective of this campaign to boost sales of Magners Cider in Great Britain to reflect a closer relationship to the 24% market share currently enjoyed i n Scotland. To bring attention to the organic nature of Magners Cider while still emphasizing a modern appeal, a sales campaign that focuses on addressing modern issues and technologies should be utilized. To bring the focus of the consumer onto the apples used in the production process, Magners can print up specialized packaging that includes a special apple icon denoting a percentage of the sales price will be donated to a children’s charity group. For those consumers who purchase their cider primarily at the pubs, specialized apple promotional materials can be created that can identify those pubs

Is Capital Punishment Effective Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Is Capital Punishment Effective - Research Paper Example Those who are opposed to capital punishment do not think that the government should be given the power kill any of its citizens. Opponents also claim that the custom is overtly costly, is racially biased and does not realize the intended outcome. Advocates consider it to be neither cruel nor unusual, quite the opposite they consider it fair and just punishment. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the moral and legal issues which are literally are of life and death significance and is a principal barometer when determining the collective conscience of a society. The ‘eye for an eye’ faction not only accepts but loudly insists that capital punishment be continued for several reasons which will be discussed thoroughly in this paper. It will also include the opponents’ reasoning concerning why it should be eradicated along with the legal precedents concerned so as to offer a thorough overview of the capital punishment debate. The discussion will end with an opinio n concerning the future of the death penalty. Cruel and Unusual Common Definition Capital punishment is not unusual, by legal definition, unless the racial bias existing within the justice system is considered and acknowledged. Whether or not it is cruel cannot be defined by law. Cruel can only be defined by the combined social conscious of a particular culture. The legal interpretation of ‘cruel and unusual’ is somewhat open to debate but in general, the term ‘cruel’ refers to brutal punishments that cause excessive pain. Most legal experts agree that punishments including bodily dismemberment or torture are undoubtedly classified as cruel. Terminologies are subject to interpretation as was evidenced by the debate at the national government level concerning the definition of torture during the Bush presidency. The term ‘unusual’ is normally understood to describe the impartial application of punishment for a specific offense. For example, if five people were ticketed for speeding and the judge charged four of them $100 but o ne was charged $1000, this person’s penalty would be deemed ‘unusual.’ Taken jointly, ‘cruel’ and ‘unusual’ indicates that the penalty should be doled out evenly and in proportion to the crime committed. A 20 year prison term is a suitable sentence for armed robbery but if it were imposed for littering, this would be an improper sentence because it would be considered extreme given the seriousness of the offense. Extreme is open to broad interpretation in both the legal and public realm. Some would contend, for example, that incarcerating someone of any period for ‘crimes’ such as the possession of drugs, prostitution and gambling should be interpreted as extreme therefore ‘unusual.’ Legal Definition The Supreme Court has on numerous occasions judged the merits of capital punishment and whether or not it can be interpreted as punishment which is cruel and unusual by the Constitution. The high Court has always ru led that the language of the Eighth Amendment does not prohibit death being implemented as punishment. The Constitution is a flexible document, however. The interpretation of cruel and unusual has evolved to some degree throughout the years and the Court might possibly reverse their viewpoint in the future due to changing societal values. For example, the whipping of criminals was routine until the late Eighteenth Century. This custom came to be considered unacceptable because society’s attitude changed to include whipping as a ‘cruel’ punishment. With respect to the death penalty however, â€Å"the Court has maintained that there remains broad public

Legalize marijuana for medicine purposes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Legalize marijuana for medicine purposes - Essay Example When marijuana is legalized, there will be increased institutional contributions towards ensuring that the use of the drug is not abused in any manner (Mathre, 57). For instance, several policies as well as regulations would be established to ensure that the drug is safely used. It is important to note that such regulations will be necessary in defining the age limit that one may be allowed to use marijuana. The policies will also state the penalties that offenders are likely to face in case they fail to comply with the set regulations. In order to verify the age of the individual before engaging in the transactions, some documents including the national identification card may be required by the authorities concerned. This is important in determining whether the individual has attained the legal age to use marijuana. Education as well as awareness creation to the public would also follow the legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes. Moreover, several regulations would be est ablished that define the minimum age at which one may be allowed to use marijuana for medicinal purposes. Besides the above, it is critical to note that compared to other already legalized drugs, overdose of marijuana has never been associated with any documented cases of death. Overdose of marijuana does not kill as opposed to other drugs. However, it is important to note that there are several cases of deaths that have always been noted emanating from excessive use of legalized drugs.

Evaluating the Business Impact, Operations Management Issues and Term Paper

Evaluating the Business Impact, Operations Management Issues and Effectiveness of Business Decision-Making Relations to Recent Natural Disaster Events - Term Paper Example The paper tells that the problems and issues that have been identified with BMW Manufacturing Company, one of the biggest car producing corporation, is that the materials it is using to build cars that must be transported to South Carolina, the United States from its European   manufacturing plant are: 1) supply of car parts has been temporarily disabled because of the eruption from an Icelandic volcano that grounded most outbound and inbound air flights since the ash cloud reduced visibility, which may cause accidents if flights continue with normal operations; 2) how to get or secure critically needed car parts from other suppliers; 3) how to reroute and ship the car parts needed to South Carolina; and 4) how to keep the plant in South Carolina operational in the meantime until the natural disaster has been overcome. The response of the company regarding the natural disaster that affected their operations is first to find alternate shipping routes so that the parts needed in Sout h Carolina can be flown in. BMW Manufacturing Company also contacted its other suppliers if they can fill the supply requirements until the situation in Europe goes back to normal. And while the company is waiting for that to happen it will reduce its normal daily production as well as shorten the working shifts of its employees so that the company is still running and its workers will still have a job to go to everyday. In considering the events that happened with BMW, I can say that in making business decisions, any business company must understand that customers, investors, and business partners remain the same. And that the company is expected to deliver what it must deliver no matter what happens because of commitments and agreements that were made before the disaster happened. Therefore, BMW Manufacturing Company is expected to make good on every delivery that was promised and should see to it that necessary people, as well as the equipment to make good on that promise, are av ailable Lynch. In this particular business sense, BMW is doing its best to find a solution to the problem it is currently encountering so that the negative effect, financial and otherwise, it may have on the company, in the long run, will not be very overwhelming. Taking into great consideration that the car manufacturing industry has just started to recover and grow again, which is putting heavy pressure on every manufacturer and supplier across the whole industry. Although BMW is doing making the correct decision by trying to find other ways on how to transport the much-needed supplies from their European manufacturing plant and making some adjustments in the local daily production and working shifts of its employees. It can also avoid encountering such problems again in the near future by trying to make appropriate changes in its business priorities and objectives. While the monitoring of the company’s survival on a daily basis is being done without lapses, short-term solu tions are only good for a particular span of time. But since times are changing environmentally and economically, BMW must acknowledge that the way that things may have been done yesterday may no longer be how they should be done tomorrow. It may be difficult to try and make changes where long-term solutions are interlinked with the company’s short-term goals, but this will make the company more flexible in times when unforeseen events arise and when the company’s usual method of dealing with business must be made so it can easily adjust to the necessary change.

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Business Law - Essay Example One of the channels that illustrate the fate of John in seeking a help on his consumer rights is the consumer statutes (Tillson, 2012). One of the consumer laws in United Kingdom is stipulated under the Sales of Goods Act as of 1979. Owing to the sale transaction that the buyer and the seller underwent, a number of provisions under the statute give John a chance in seeking a legal redress on the damages he suffered. Even though John and the seller did not enter the contract to sale of the shed product in writing, the sales act under section 4 (1) recognizes that the sale can be entered in writing or orally (Tillson, 2012). At the time John bought the goods from the seller, the decision on the type of the shed to buy was based on the brochure descriptions supplied by the seller. This implied that the good that was to be supplied by the seller was strictly to be sold as described. Thus, the seller should have supplied the design of the shed that John selected among the other designs fo r it to be accepted. Indeed, the sales act under section 13 demands that the goods supplied to the buyers should correspond with the description of their choice (Tillson, 2012). Even though the brochure was applied as, a sample in describing the design of the shed to be supplied by the seller, the law requires that the good supplied should conform to the descriptions of the buyer under section 13(1). Consequently, the failure by the seller to supply the shed description that John described gives him the right to claim for damages from the sales contract entered. Indeed, in precedent case between Re Moore vs. Landauer, it illustrates that the goods sold under description should be supplied under the description that was given. Re Moore Company had contracted Landauer firm to supply tins packed in cases of 30 units. Landauer supplied the containers in the correct quantities but a number of them had 24 tins. Accordingly, the court ruled that the supplier violated the contract description through the packaging method described by Re Moore Company. Similarly, even though â€Å"Shed R Us† business had supplied the shed product, the seller violated the contr act description since Shed D description was component of the contract. Moreover, the Arcos vs. Ronaasen ruling upheld that the failure of the seller to supply half-inch thick staves by supplying 9-16 inch thick was a violation of the contract description. The failure by â€Å"Shed R Us† business to supply a shed that fitted the description of John was violation of the sales contract that gives John the legal right to be compensated for the wrongful doing of the seller. Indeed, under the implied terms of sales contract, a failure by the seller to pass the consideration bargained by the buyer in the sales contract renders the buyer to seek the refund of the purchase price in total. Owing to the fact that John paid a price as the consideration for the shed under description D, he has the right to claim the money back (Tillson, 2012). This is because the consideration measure for acquiring the right property had failed even if shed description B had been supplied. To the extent that the good that was supplied to John was not conforming to the consideration amount paid, the consideration is considered to have failed under the implied terms of sales contract (Tillson, 2012). Section 14(2) of the sales act provides that the goods that a business sells should be of satisfactory quality. The description and price of the good is taken as the standard of a satisfactory qual

Reward strategy- case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Reward strategy- case study - Essay Example The key issues that will be discussed include the retention, recruitment, employee benefits and performance management. Moreover, the theoretical concepts will be used to discuss the issues from theoretical perspective. Finally the recommendations will be provided to Chalmers to resolve the identified problems. In short, this report will assist Chalmers in identifying the ways through which current challenges can be faced in a better manner. The current situation of the company reflects that business strategy of the company is customers-oriented, which is especially perfect in this kind of business. However, I believe that the major issues which the company is facing are as follows: The labour market issues in Slough are not only faced by Chalmers but most of the companies in Slough are facing tightening of labour market. The major reason of the tightening of labour market is the significant recruitment problems. â€Å"Slough businesses experiencing recruitment difficulties (25% of businesses with vacancies) when compared with the South East (18%) and England (17%). There are also higher levels of hard-to fill vacancies (13% compared with 8% and 7% respectively) (Askew & Ormiston, 2008).† This report also identifies the skill gap in Slough market because 32 percent companies in the city employ staff, which is not fully proficient as compared to 18% (SE) and 16% (England). Finding a qualified people in Slough is difficult as compared to other regions of Britain. Moreover, the identified problems in Slough labour market through survey in this report include the lack of skills in the residents of Slough according to the opportunities available and the prior ities of employers reflect the growth in value added services, English language skills acquisition issue and lack of motivation issues (Askew & Ormiston, 2008). The statistics of labour markets of

Action report 1 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Action report 1 - Article Example The introduction part of the article offers an insight of the general views of the two schools and what led to their views. The fatalists’ view is mostly persuaded by technology (Klein 1). In the conclusion part, both fatalists and redistributionists conclude that the government has not brought about inequality (Klein 1). According to them, social services and taxes have not changed all that much, and; therefore, raising taxes or enhancing infrastructure spending, for instance, will not fix it either. The only issue is that redistributionists argue that fatalists are not aware of how the government has aided inequality through cutting taxes on wealthy people and not considering the poor (Klein 1). In the mitigation theory, Fieldhouse argues that greater taxes on the rich might do more to restrain inequality than people notice (Klein 1). Finally, in the wider appeal section, it discusses how the Federal Reserve’s choice to prioritize low inflation above full employment is a regime intervention of staggering significance, even though it is hardly ever presented that way (Klein

A play written by J. B. Priestly Essay Example for Free

A play written by J. B. Priestly Essay An Inspector Calls, a play written by J. B. Priestly in 1945. He set his play in 1912 just before the First World War. It is a story of the visit by an Inspector to an apparently normal family, the Birlings. The Birlings are celebrating their daughter Shelias engagement to Gerald Croft. Mr. Birling a successful factory owner gets the ball rolling with a speech, which he gives to his son Eric, and Gerald Croft. J. B Priestly makes good use of dramatic irony in this speech because many events took place after 1912, which we the modern audience, know about but Mr. Birling doesnt. Mr. Birling mentioned that the miners came out on a strike and there would be possible labour trouble in the near future. He said that there wouldnt be any more worries about the strikes. But in 1926 we know that there was a General Strike in Britain. He talks about the Titanic being a spectacular ship with every luxury and it is absolutely unsinkable. But as we know in 1912 the Titanic sunk on maiden voyage and 1,513 lives were lost. He also mentioned about the wars not happening. He said that the Germans dont want war. But in 1914 the First World War broke out. He said that there would peace and prosperity and rapid progress everywhere but in 1917 there was revolution in Russia. In 1939 the Second World War broke out and in 1945 the atomic bombs were dropped on Japan. This makes the audience doubt Mr Birling early on in the play. When Mr. Birling finishes his speech the Inspector enters into the scene. The Inspector is at the Birlings because there was a death of a woman Eva Smith and he had come to ask questions about her. Mr. Birling was the first person that we were led to believe started off the train of events that ultimately led to the death of Eva Smith. Mr. Birling had sacked Eva Smith from his factory after she started to cause trouble demanding higher wages. Mr Birling says that any man in his position would have done the same. She was making trouble as Mr. Birling said, She had a lot to say far too much so she had to goi. But the only thing that Mr. Birling cared about was his family and the progress of his business. He didnt care about his workers and he didnt know them. As he says in Act 1 I have a couple of hundred workers under me, who keep changing. So there wasnt a personal relationship between these two until after the workers came back from their holidays that they were asking for a pay rise. As Mr. Birling wouldnt, he sacked the ringleaders and one of them was Eva Smith. Now that Eva was sacked she was out of work for two months. She had no money and she was half starved. She had no one to help her. Her parents had died so they couldnt offer any help and her friends had nothing to offer her. But then again it wasnt the end of the world and she was capable of getting another job as we find out.

Health and social care Essay Example for Free

Health and social care Essay We are now living in an ageing society and so health and social care will play a part throughout our life course in one way or another. I shall start the main body of my assignment by providing an explanation of what is meant by the life course. I will then move onto my experiences of adulthood and of using health and social care services, showing as I go how block 1 has helped me to critically reflect upon these and the outcome. Critically reflection means that I will analyse, challenge and question within this assignment. I will also show the different methods of reflection to explore my life course and show how important reflection can be in health and social care setting. After reflecting I will discuss other aspects from within the learning guides. I then will come to the end of the assignment with a brief conclusion. The term life course is made up of expected age related events throughout life, that are traditions within a society. These life courses can change in different cultures. These events within a life course can affect how people live which is called life course perspective, by understanding a person’s life course, we can use it to provide appropriate support and provision. In learning guide three, open university, five principles by Bengston et al (2005), occur within the life course perspective; by discussing these we have a better understanding of the life course, ‘It establishes a common field of inquiry by defining a framework that guides research in terms of problem identification and formulation ’, (Bengston et al, 2005, Chapter 1). The first is called linked lives, which is how our lives are affected by others, they have are very influential, especially family. The second is time and place, it discusses how things such as historical events, living in a time of economic decline for example, The Great Depression, can restrict certain opportunities and shape who people are and become. The third is timing, this consists of the timing of specific events within a person’s life that may or may not fit in within society’s norm of when the event should happen such as education and having children. The fourth is make hoices about what to do and have plans, it is about agency, how they plan their life, have influence over it and can continually assess if it is going to plan. However I feel that this can be critiqued as still there are arranged marriages, controlling relationships, forced prostitution, all of these have little agency over their life as well as many other cases. The fifth and final one is life-long, this shows that ageing is not just an older stage of life but is happening to all of us, it is a life-long process and events can determine the outcome of later life. Applying these to health and social care settings can help complete a picture of an individual’s life, I will also apply some of the five aspects to my experience. To critically reflect on my own experiences I had to figure out which parts of my life would be relevant. At the end of my reflection I will show how these examples changed my values and ethics and also now what I expect from health and social care professionals. The three types of reflection by Barker (2010, p. 122) cites (William 2001) within learning guide one, open university, are probably the best method to help reflect on my first experience. The first type of reflection by Barker is content reflection this consists of what happened. What happened is that I had a swift transition from childhood to adulthood as I became a mother at sixteen. The second part of reflection is process reflection which is why it happened. It happened because at the time I felt older than my years and to show my parents and friends how grown up I was, I got pregnant. The third part is called premise or critical reflection which shows why it happened and the judgement for it. As a teenager all I cared about was my feelings and nobody else mattered it was what I wanted and so I made sure it did. I was treated as a social outcast by certain family and was also treated in a very patronising manner by the GP and other health care professionals such as midwives, throughout my pregnancy and early motherhood. By drawing on this as an experience I wanted to show that my values back then were selfish and all about me and becoming a mother this changed my outlook by making my child my priority and I used this as a strength to prove the professionals wrong and that I would make a good mother regardless of my age. I realise now that a lot of judgements were made because this was not classed as society’s norm also shows the second principal of time and place as I was classed as the modern youth culture. I also feel that if the professionals had taken the time to understand my life course as discussed within learning guide three, open university, they would have understood why I had taken this course of action. ‘When people don’t do what seems to be the obvious, sensible, rational thing to promote their own health and wellbeing, it can be tempting to characterise them as ‘awkward’, ‘irrational’, ‘their own worst enemy’ .. (Open University, LG 3. 2). I feel that this sentence sums up how I was treated, and the assumption of me by the health professionals. I chose this to show that I still had the rights to be treated as any other mother to be and not as a social outcast from a modern culture. I wanted also to bring in that this may also be classed as an ethical dilemma for certain members of staff as they may feel uneasy dealing with a teenage mother to be. Ethical dilemmas often arise in health and social care as mentioned in learning guide five. I will be using the three suggested methods of reflection by Rolfe et al (2001), (LG1, open university), for my next experience. The first method is what the situation is, looking into any problems and any feelings about it. This situation is that I was diagnosed with Sero-negative arthritis at 25, I was devastated, I had two children by this point to look after and an abusive partner who was no help. The second method consists of so what, I took this to mean, what was learnt and any thoughts about the situation. At the time I was understandably upset but I had very good family and friends to help, shows the importance of linked lives. I had to very nervous of going back to the judgemental professionals that I’d dealt with earlier, they were not very informative and I was placed on a waiting list to see a specialist. The attitudes of the professionals was that I had been diagnosed, deal with it basically. The third method is now what, what needed to be done, improve my understanding. I researched as much as I could, realised it usually affected people between 40 – 50 so learning this I felt old showing the fifth principle by Bengston et al, that ageing happens to us all, I was suffering from what I thought was an older persons illness. I kept going back to the GP time after time pushing my way up the waiting list, showing them research of what can happen without early treatment to ensure I was seen to as quickly as possible, this caused a little conflict between myself and the GP as I felt I knew more than they did and they did not like that fact. I feel that reflecting back on this again the health professionals and the care I received was poor. I eventually had care by rheumatology staff who looked at my age and would assume that I was not suffering as bad as the others, I was let down by the health service as a whole. I also wanted to show that they were not taking into account my quality of life was going to suffer if I wasn’t treated effectively. Chronic illness is discussed also as a biographical disruption. Biographical disruption is an event outside your expectation of your life course that is unwanted or not expected. Being diagnosed with Sero-negative arthritis definitely fits in with this analogy, in fact a paper was written discussing how chronic illness as biographical disruption, ‘My contention is that illness, and especially chronic illness, is precisely that kind of experience where the structures of everyday life and the forms of knowledge which underpin them are disrupted. , (Bury, Chapter 5, Reader). Using another method of reflection by Schon (1983), (LG1, Open University), I will explore my third and last chosen experience. The first is reflection in action which is how it sounds by using past experience, knowledge to guide you. Although I am now in a happy relationship, I was once in an aggressive and violent relationship for ten years and it affected my every aspect of my life from my confidence to new relationships. By using this type of reflection, although until reading this type of reflection I had not even realised I had done it, I used my previous relationship to ensure that I would be treated like a woman in my new relationship. The second is called reflection on action this is basically thinking back on what actions we took after the event. I had left after an incident which had needed a police visit and so social services had been notified because of the violence to ensure the children had not been involved and I found them very judgemental of the fact I had stayed for so long in an abusive relationship. I showed social services that I had asked for support for me and children by an external organisation as soon as I left and that I was aware we would need it. Social services told me that we would need to work together to ensure that the action I had taken was sufficient and that all the steps necessary to ensure that we were all supported were taken. At first Social Services were quite rude and intrusive by I realised that it was their job to be intrusive and once I let my guard down with them, I actually found that they were there to help. I anted to show this as an experience because I was brought up with strong family values and ethics so I stayed in the relationship because I did not want a broken family for my children even though looking back now I know that it was the wrong thing to do. I also feel it must be hard for social care providers to sometimes understand my reasoning for staying as my family values when their values may have been different causing the initial tension. I realise now that sometimes even though you were raised with certain values and ethics sometimes yours and your families’ welfare takes priority. I also wanted to show that that the fourth principle by Bengston et al is not always possible, throughout this relationship I had no autonomy, in a controlling environment you can only do what you are allowed to do and not everybody has the chance of breaking free. The quality of life, for me and my children was also affected, I have taken an extract to show my point that, ‘There are objective qualities too, and some of these, such as sufficient nutrition, a non-hazardous environment, and a long and healthy life are universally, or virtually universally uncontroversial as components of quality of life. (Phillips, chapter 3, Reader). Within the quote it mentions a non hazardous environment which is the opposite of what we were living in. By reflecting about the above experiences, and others not mentioned, I feel that I have had a difficult life course but because of them I feel I have built up resilience. My experience of adulthood started a lot earlier than was planned, it was not an easy option but I adapted well. Adulthood did not really get easier for me until recently where I found my independence and was safe away from harm. With my experiences of adulthood not being so great, I would say that I feel a lot older than I am, if I bring in positive ageing or successful ageing which was discussed in learning guide two then I would say I definitely do not fit that description the next quote helps explain why. ‘Successful aging is more than the absence of disease, important though that is, and more than the maintenance of functional capacities, important as it is. Both are important components of successful aging, but it is their combination with active engagement with life that represents the concept of successful aging most fully ’, ( Rowe and Kahn, 1997, Open University). I am more aware of my ageing process since being diagnosed at such a young age of sero-negative arthritis but as it is not life threatening I feel I have a long time left yet until the end of my life. I also think that because I made the decision to leave my abusive partner that my quality of life has dramatically improved if I had stayed in that environment I feel that I would not be here now to talk about it. My values and ethics have been influenced by a lot of my experiences over the years and have definitely altered. My values and ethics consist of what is good for me and the children, if I am happy and content then they will benefit it means that I can also now offer a more open, respectful and secure upbringing. I am now going to bring my assignment to an end by summing up my conclusion. With the experiences that I have mentioned within my assignment you can see that my interaction with the world of health and social care has been quite eventful. I have been faced with professionals who have judged me and made assumptions and also who have made me feel inadequate but I was also helped by social services and feel stronger because of that so I am unsure of how to sum up the field of health and social care as it covers such a wide aspect within our life courses. If there was more training provided in understanding life courses and offering person centred care then I feel things would improve but in a time of economic decline I cannot imagine that the funding for this would be available. I do feel that there will always be prejudices within the health and social care profession and that their personal values and ethics may also always play a part in the way they offer support. (

Effects of Age on Economic Growth

Effects of Age on Economic Growth 1.0 LITERATURE REVIEW People today, live longer and often healthier lives owing to advances in various areas. It is a challenge to maintain and plan longer lives. Societal ageing hampers economic growth and issues such as sustainability of families, the states and communities capacity to provide for older people. A quick look at the recent decline in fertility rates combined with increases in life expectancy and strong evolution from past fluctuations in birth and death rates depicts a really significant shift in the global age structure. So much so that by 2050, twenty two percent of the worlds population will be over the age of 60 or a figure reaching almost 2 billion compared to expectations for year 2020 of 1 billion. As for citizens aged 80 or above, statistics predict an increase from 1 to 4 percent. It is undeniable that a countrys economic character will tend to change as its population ages since different age groups have different economic needs and productive capabilities. These changes can be measured by assuming a certain age-specific behaviour in relation to earnings, employment and savings and to assess the implications of modifications in the relative size of different age groups for these main contributors to the national income. However this tends to be misleading in the long run. Normally, changing expectations about life cycle and demographic shifts are likely to entail behavioural changes and thereby influencing economic consequences of ageing. One good example is an individual who expects to live longer than his ancestors who will continue to work for longer and therefore start benefiting his savings at a later age. 2.0 WORLD AGEING SITUATION Rapid reduction in infant mortality rates coupled with a dynamic fall in the death rate has resulted in a sharp rise in the proportion of older people in the population. This phenomenon of ageing population is fast becoming a worldwide problem. In 1950 there were about 200 million people above 60 years old in the world. This figure has risen some 616 million in the year 2000 and is expected to rise to 1.2 billion in 2025. A majority of them, about 72% of the total, will be living in developing countries. The projections indicate that the demographic transition will proceed much more rapidly in developing countries than it did previously in developed ones. The continuing fertility decline in many developing countries today is faster than the gradual decline experienced by the currently developed countries. In the developing countries, therefore, the pace of population ageing will exceed the pace in the developed countries. For example, it took France and Belgium more than 100 years to double the rate of the population over 60 from 9% to 18%. In Mauritius, the same change will occur in only 25 years. 3.0 Mortality and Life Expectancy We are ageing not just as individuals or communities but as a world. There were almost 500 million People aged 65 and above across the world in 2006 and that number is likely to reach 1 billion by 2030. An increase in the ageing population is more significant in developing countries, which is expected to rise to 140 percent by 2030. For the first time in human history, children under age 5 will be outnumbered by people age 65 and over. Life expectancy is steadily rising and the number of oldest people aged 85 and over is increasing. Chronic non communicable diseases are now becoming the main cause of death among elderly in both developed and developing countries. Some populations are going to shrink in the next decades. In some countries, the total population is decreasing simultaneously with the increase of an ageing world population. The growth of a very old population can have the following implications: 1. Retirement money and pensions will have to cover a longer period of life. 2. Even if disability rates decrease, health care costs are going to rise. PROJECTED INCREASE IN GLOBAL POPULATION BETWEEN 2005 AND 2030, BY AGE 4.0 THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF POPULATION AGEING 4.1 The importance of age structure. Economic growth may be influenced by changes in population age structure. To analyse age structure, a life-cycle perspective is adopted, based on peoples economic needs and contributions during the various stages of life. The ratio of consumption to production is higher for the young and old people and lower for working adults. The key drivers of economic growth such as labour, productivity, consumption and savings vary according to where people fall in the life cycle. Labour and savings are higher among working adults than among those aged above 60. Declining fertility and mortality rates during the past four decades have significantly changed the age structure of the population. There will be a 23% increase in the proportion of the elderly population. The proportion of the population aged under 15 is expected to decline to 19% in the next four decades. The population of the Republic of Mauritius will continue to age. Both past and projected ageing is illustrated in Table 2. The elderly population will triple in the next four decades to attain 332,000 with more women (184,000) than men (148,000). Table 1 presents a summary of the projections and gives the evolution of the pensioner support ratio for two cases, i.e age of retirement is 60 and 65 years. Table 2 gives the evolution of the life expectancy. Life expectancy was quite low in 1950 compared to the present level. Life expectancy has significantly improved over the past fifty years and is expected to improve further in the future. 4.2 Social Security Benefits Social Security benefits and public sector pensions are among the sectors that will certainly be affected by the ageing issue. Nowadays, the composition of social security benefits is two-fold, non contributory and contributory. Basic retirement pensions of the elderly and the elderly invalids irrespective of their economic status are non-contributory benefits wholly financed by government. The actuarial report on the National Pensions Fund has drawn attention to the fact that future increases in the number of pensioners will make the financing of basic retirement pensions an increasing burden on resources. The cost of basic retirement pensions rose sharply from about Rs 2.3 billion in 1999/2000 and is estimated to be Rs 3.5 billion in 2015 and Rs 6.4 billion in 2035. Examination of the implications of the projected strain on government resources is therefore becoming a high priority. Assuming that the rate of basic pension remains more or less the same, it should be noted that an in crease in pension age from 60 to 65 would lead to significant saving to the government in respect of basic pensions. Tax revenues may also increase as a result of employment continuing between ages 60 and 65 but there would be no financial impact on the NPF as a result of these changes. Welfare services such as long term care and any payment (other than from the NPF) to the elderly out of the state budget which are likely to increase faster than GDP in future are other examples of financial implications of ageing on state budgets. The ageing of the population will increase the financial strain on the state budget in future as follows: Basic pension expenditure (all of which is financed by general taxation) is projected to increase by 75% in some twenty years and to almost triple by 2040 if present pension rates are maintained. Expenditure from the NPF is projected to exceed contribution income by 2015. Part of the NPF expenditure will need to be met by investment income, most of which is derived from Government bonds or loans. In the absence of corrective measures, the investment income required to meet NPF expenditure would be derived largely from taxation. Expenditure on public service pensions is projected to increase by about 80% in real terms over the next 20 years, that is , from about 11/4% to 21/4% of GDP; Expenditure on healthcare and social services for the elderly can also be expected to increase substantially over the same period. To ensure that the state pension system remain financially sustainable in future, many countries are increasing the minimum state pension age. In Mauritius, the expectation of life at age 60 is significantly higher than when the current pension system was introduced. There has also been improvement in the health of the retired population aged 60 above, thereby enabling many of them to continue to work. Provided they have sufficient financial resources many people might decide to retire from their main occupation before the state pension age. In these cases it seems reasonable that the individuals or their employers finance the early retirement. 4.3 BUDGETARY MEASURES In his budget speech 2011, the Minister of Finance commented all our elders deserve to live in dignity. The wealth we are creating today, the prosperity we are enjoying also bear the indelible footprints of their hard work. They must get their fair share. The government of Mauritius is preparing for the challenges of an ageing population and ramp up its support for our seniors. The Mauritian population is ageing .It is a new trend with new implications for economic and social policies. The government must provide for the changing needs such as new patterns of consumption and greater demand for health care. The government wants to make of Mauritius a society that can allow its elderly to live the high quality of life that they deserve. It is essential that Mauritius is on top of the issues of an ageing population and formulate effective policies. The second measure relates to health care for the elderly. A carers strategy and Action Plan will be prepared to address all issues relating to the need of our elderly population for carers Services. Third, the NEF will leverage on the high level of women seeking employment to train women in the skills and knowledge required to give care to elderly people. The training will provide certification and allow them to register as professional carers with the Ministry of Social Security and be given a certified carer ID. Fourth, the Cite des Metiers will open a section dedicated to facilitate our seniors in their search for carers and other services. Fifth, a new recreational centre for elderly, costing Rs 120 million and with a swimming pool, will soon be inaugurated at Belle Mare. Recreational centres are being constructed at Pointe aux Piments and at Riambel. Sixth, a get together Programme is being set up to give our elders who live alone and are on social aid the opportunity to socialize around a hot meal once weekly. Seventh, the government is extending the additional monthly allowance for persons suffering from incontinence to bed-ridden beneficiaries of Basic Retirement Pension aged 75 years and above. Eighth, to protect more the seniors from normal and regular flu outbreaks and from pandemics such as the HINI virus, free vaccinations against flu are being extended to our elders aged 60 years and above. Ninth, the government will invest in two low floor buses for senior citizens for outings from the recreation centres at Belle Mare and Pointe aux sables. Tenth, government is increasing the amount of income tax exemption for lump-sum on retirement and severance from Rs 1 million to Rs 1.5 million. For elders who have toiled hard in the sugar industry, the government is amending the Sugar Industry Pension Fund Act to allow payment of benefits to exceed two-thirds of final salary. 4.4 Accounting Effects If age-specific behavior in respect of labour supply and savings were fixed, labour supply and savings per capita would decrease with a rising elderly share of the population. Keeping all other factors such as productivity and migration equal, this would imply lower growth in income per capita. Peter Peterson (1999), argued that, global ageing could trigger a crisis that engulfs the world economy and may even threaten democracy itself. Alan Greenspan (2003), former U.S Federal Reserve Chairman has stated that ageing in the United States makes our social security and Medicare programs unsustainable in the long run. The European Unions Economic Policy Committee (2010) is more measured in its assessment of the threat: The ageing of the population is becoming a growing challenge to the sustainability of public finances in the EU Member States. The increase of the ratio between the number of retirees and the number of workers will gradually increase expenditure on public pensions and health and thus creates difficulties on maintaining a sound balance between future public expenditure and tax revenues. The retirement of baby boomers and the increase in the share of elderly in the population will create economic and fiscal stresses on the second decade of the 21st century. These demographic developments, if not offset by changes in household behavior and government fiscal policy, will reduce the number of workers in relation to the population needing support and lower the national saving rate. The result will be slower growth in national income and consumption after 2010. Aging-related expenditures are one of the fastest growing components of government expenditures. Over the next 40 years, the share of working adults will decline from 59 percent of the population to about 56 percent. The share of older adults (65 and over) will increase from just over 12 percent to almost 21 percent of the population. The higher costs of supporting these retirees will be offset partially by lower costs of supporting children, as the share of the population age 19 and under will drop from 29 percent to just over 23 percent 4.5 Future Labour supply After 2010 the population between ages 20 and 64 will decline and the percentage of people over age 65 will increase dramatically. These changes reflect the short run effect of the ageing of baby boomers while the long-run effect of reduced fertility and increased life expectancy. If labour force participation rates in each age group remain the same, the ratio of workers to retirees will decline sharply between 2010 and 2030. A decrease in the share of workers in the population means that, if all else remains the same, output per capita and living standards will be lower than they otherwise would have been if the share of workers had remained stable. The change in age composition of the population will reduce the share of workers and increase the share of dependent elderly. The increase in experience associated with an older workforce will raise average earnings and productivity per worker. With better health and increased life expectancies, one can expect individuals to work longer. As shown in Bloom, Canning, Mansfield and Moore (2007), the response to rising life expectancy is to increase the number of working years and the number of years in retirement proportionately, without changing period-specific saving behaviour. While a large set of factors such as increasing demand for leisure, general increases in wealth and difficult labour markets have contributed to low labour force participation among the elderly, social security systems have undoubtedly been a key reason for the continued low labour force participation among the elderly. Even if individuals decide not to work longer, increased life expectancies can be expected to induce increased savings over the working life in order to finance a continued high standard of life in retirement. As the elderly are healthier, they can work longer and more productively and place fewer demands on public resources. Businesse s can play a role in encouraging older workers to continue working, and they can in turn benefit from such workers experience and reliability. Allowing flexible schedules, offering ongoing training in new skills, providing wellness programmes, and re-allocating physically demanding tasks to younger workers are measures that can help retain the older segment of the workforce. 4.6 Consequences for Living Standards Labour supply adequacy is one factor influencing standard of living of the population. It refers to the ratio of the quality-adjusted workforce to the total consumption needs of the population. But not all people have equal consumption needs. For example, the government spends much more per capita on the over-65 population than it does on other age groups. Demographic trends will have adverse effects on economic growth after 2010, due in large part to the slowdown in the growth of the workforce and the increase in spending on age-related government transfers. But the effects do not appear to be catastrophic. The economy will continue to grow, even at a slower rate. Capital will increase considerably, even though lower national savings rate, as a smaller workforce requires less capital. Individual and population ageing are not gender neutral. Womens entitlement to goods and services over time is closely related to their work history, pension, property and inheritance rights. Old women generally occupy a precarious economic position, as they have accumulated fewer financial reserves than men, have fewer assets of their own and, more often than not, experience a weakening of their control over the family assets with the death of the husband. Poverty is a real threat to women as they get older. It is therefore imperative that any financial and social scheme developed to care for an ageing population should include targeted policies for the support of the elderly women. 4.7 Theories of Saving One of the most important theories of saving is the life-cycle model (LCM), which predicts that people will save in order to translate their fluctuating levels of income into smooth paths of consumption. Consumption implies that households borrow when young, save when middle-aged, and spend savings, or dissave, when old. The life-cycle Model assumes that people by death would have consumed all their wealth and that people have unlimited access to capital markets at a single interest rate paid by borrowers or received by savers. Given these assumptions, the pure LCM implies pronounced differences in annual saving rates by age, with consumption fluctuating with changes in permanent income but not transitory income. The private sector of the economy will account for a larger share of the nations saving in the future. Maintaining private saving in the face of potentially increased public dissaving will be critical for continuing future economic prosperity. While changing demographic may increase private saving, the government should also create appropriate incentives for private saving. 4.8 Influences on Public Savings Public saving is what is left of taxes after subtracting transfers, interest paid on government debt, and government consumption. Public saving is also government investment minus the budget deficit. Future public saving will be affected by the ageing of the population because major government transfer programs-social security and the health programs (Medicare and Medicaid)- disproportionately benefit the elderly. Danziger et al. found that the elderly not only do not dissave to finance their consumption during retirement, they spend less on consumption goods and services than the young at all levels of income. Moreover, the oldest old save the most at a given levels of income. At the same time, while their human capital and private pension wealth is being depleted, especially at the most advanced ages, the elderly face a complex problem of uncertainty about their health, life expectancy, and ability to maintain independent households. In these circumstances, they reduce their consumption to maintain their wealth. The problem of population ageing, which is a consequence of fertility decline, has become the new bÃÆ'Â ªte noire of development, replacing rapid population growth, a consequence of high fertility. It is ironic that population ageing and rapid population growth are two faces of the same coin: fertility. Both population growth and ageing have an adverse effect on savings, it is argued, as the young and the old are more consumers than producers, and thus dependent on the working population. The orthodox debate not only ignores the positive contribution that the old could and do make to the economy, but also fails to recognize the fact that there are other sections of the population, such as the unemployed, who are also supported by the working population. From a long term point of view, however, it is the working age and not just the working population that matters. Keynes and others argued that population ageing would reduce growth via its adverse impact on aggregate demand and inve stment, and not because of a higher tax burden and government expenditure on social security and pensions. The relevance of this approach to the current debate on ageing in its integrated view of the demand and supply or consumption and production implications of population ageing, in contrast to the orthodox approach which is primarily concerned with the consumption effects of ageing. The economic implications of an ageing population are intricately intertwined with the macroeconomic performance of a society over time. At the macro level it is the current output that has to pay for the subsistence of the population, young or old, at working age or retired. The current output, however, depends in part on past savings and investment. In other words the work and savings of the present generation provide subsistence and employment for the present as well as for the future generation. The benefits of growing national income and increased productivity will not, however, be distributed equally among the old whose claim on the national income depends on their accumulated assets, including savings and pensions. An economy which distributes its assets and income unequally over its working age population carries such inequalities into old age, thus creating a differentiated group of old people. This has to be taken into account in the setting up of national pension plans in order to prevent hardship among those old people whose poverty when of working age prevented them from saving for their old age.

Ancient Astronomy Essay -- science

Ancient Astronomy Astronomy has been a source for myriad ideas influencing every subject. The stars have existed since the dawn of man. People have looked to the universe to determine physical location, gain spiritual direction and to track time. Many early scientists used astronomy to make careers for themselves and print their names in all the history books of time. Since the beginning of time, the stars and all of the heavens have been used not only as a tool to aid in basic living but also to reveal new and undiscovered things about the time and world people lived in. The times leading up to the 17th Century were filled with many discoveries not only in astronomy but also in mathematics and science. These discoveries lead to many uses from the learned knowledge of these newfound discoveries. The view of the universe at the time of the 17th Century was referred to as the Ptolemaic system. They also believed that all things around the earth were perfect and unchanging. Another popular theory at the time was the Copernican system. This is where the sun is the center, rather than the sun. One of the main scientists during the 17th Century was Galileo. He believed in the Copernican system. When Galileo pointed his telescope to the sky, he made many discoveries that confirmed the Copernican system. One thing he found was that the moon was not a perfect sphere as thought of in the Ptolemaic system; it had craters and mountains not visible to the human eye. Another d...

Negative Aspects of Animal Testing Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedical

An Evil Science: ANIMALS IN RESEARCH Dating back to ancient times, animals have been used in research to advance biomedical sciences. However, the ways the human race can exploit these living creatures are absolutely evil. The main concern animal rights advocates have are not concerned with the idea of using animals in research but the way people can torture these animals. The twentieth century has witnessed some of the cruelest acts of violence in the laboratory but it has also seen the rise of the animal rights movement. Cruelty will always exist in this world, in some form or another, but hopefully it can be abolished from the laboratories. One could hear the agonizing screams of the horse from a great distance. Inside the lab the horse was being wrestled to the ground as its limbs were bound with ropes. The researchers sat on the horse to keep it still as they were carrying out their cruel deed. Sometimes this experiment could take up to four hours and always the horse was fully conscious as its throat was slit to expose the jugular vein. After the scientists extracted the blood they needed to make a cheap medicine, they left the horse to bleed to death and then they threw the mutilated carcass onto the streets. This is only one example of the cruelty associated with animals in research. In this case, a horse was tortured and slaughtered to obtain a blood serum that is now rarely used due to the risk it poses to humans. A simple and humane alternative to this process is to merely use a needle to draw blood from the animal. (http://stopanimaltests.com/f-turkishHorses.asp, 7/30/06) Advocates for animal testing claim that, since the beginning of history, many advances in biomedical sciences have been a product of using anima... ...d though it still cannot be seen, the end of animal testing is approaching ever so slowly. In some laboratories evil continues to prevail, but in many others, good is dominating. Works Cited Stephens, Martin L., Ph.D. Alternatives to Current Uses of Animals in Research, Safety Testing, and Education. Washington, DC: Humane Society of the United States, 1986. "The Hidden Lives of Rats and Mice." Stop Animal Tests. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. 30 July 2006 hiddenrats/ >. "Animal Testing." Wikipedia. 27 July 2006. 30 July 2006 . Pratt, Dallas, M.D. Alternatives to Pain. N.p.: Argus Archives, 1980. Ryder, Richard. "Institutional Speciesism: Cruelty is Wrong." Animal Experimentation: Good or Bad? By Richard Ryder, et al. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 2002. 57-74.

Violent Media’s Effect on Youth Essay -- Violence

There is no doubt that mass media impacts the people who consume it. While the media was originally designed to inform people, it has now become so much more. Modern media, especially in the area of violence, can have effects on the viewer’s behavior. Unfortunately the negative effects associated with the progression in the media’s communication technology, have begun to outweigh the positive impact of this representation of media. Media is both an important and time-consuming aspect of modern child’s life due to the fact that children from ages eight to eighteen spend about 44.5 hours a week (6.5 hours a day) partaking in media. The media is consumed in forms of the computer and it’s functions with the Internet, television, and interactive video games. All this time consuming these forms of media added up takes up more time than any other events in their lives besides sleeping. It has been said that the presentation of violent media to young children and adolescents has the most harmful effects on children in varying ways. This is supported by the fact that violence in forms of suicide, homicide, and trauma are the leading causes of death in children and young adults, outweighing the cause of death by sickness. Media programs aimed at young audiences have gone as far as becoming very similar to adult programs in terms of content in language and violence. A typical child in the U.S. watches 28 hours of TV weekly, seeing as many as 8,000 murders by the time he or she finishes elementary school at age 11, and worse, the killers are depicted as getting away with the murders 75% of the time while showing no remorse or accountability. (â€Å"Violence in Media† 1) In the U.S. this is an average of 20-25 viol... ...guided along by a parent. Works Cited â€Å"Childhood Exposure to Media Violence Predicts Young Adult Aggressive Behavior, According to a New 15 - Year Study.† Apa.org. American Psychological Association, 9 March 2003. Web. 2 February 2010. â€Å"Children And Media Violence† MediaWise.org. National Institute On Media & The Family. Fact Sheet. June 2009. Web. 2 February 2010. â€Å"Children One Click Away From Violence, Adult Content.† Wpbf.com. West Palm Beach News, 4 February 2010. Web. 5 February 2010. McCrindle, Mark. â€Å"Many Ingredients Make This Gen Y Cocktail of Violence.† Theage.com. 5 February 2010. Web. 5 February 2010. Torr, James D. â€Å"Violence in Media.† Current Controversies. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2001. Print. â€Å"Violence in the Media- Psychologists Help Protect Children from Harmful Effects.† Psychology Matters. 2009. Web. 23 February 2010.

Five Techniques to Turn Your Best Friend Into Your Girlfriend

Good afternoon, my fellow friends. I believe at our age, most of us are looking for a suitable life partner and often, we fall for our friends. To be honest, falling for a friend is completely normal; you do not have to condemn yourself for feeling that way. Instead of feeling down and miserable about this sudden ‘curse’ established to you, try to be a little optimistic now, for a change. Today, I would like to talk about the five techniques on how to turn your best friend into your girlfriend. First, stop acting as â€Å"just a friend†. You need to deliver the message loud and clear through your actions and body language. Make her feel that you want to be more than just friends without confessing your feelings just yet. You can try to be a bit more flirty, possessive and protective of her. Tell her she's pretty and special, be a bit romantic and be a gentleman around her. I’m sure that she will definitely start to see you in a different light. Second, don't be too available 24/7. If you used to talk to her or text her very often, you can now disappear for a while. Don’t ask her out, don't return her calls; tell her you're busy or do whatever it takes to make her wonder what you're up to. Give her some alone time and make her miss you! From there, she'll be thinking more of you, and it’s one of the best ways to make her fall all over for you without too much of an effort on your side. She might also take the first step and text you first, like â€Å"Hey, what are you up to? Why haven’t you text me lately? † If she does text you first, that means the trick works. Congratulations, she missed you! Third, get her off guard then flatter her out of the blue. I can tell you that most of the women tend to love a bit of a surprise every once in a while. Hold her hand, hold her close, tell her you're falling for her on the time when she least expects it. Don't be scared, just give in to your impulses and be spontaneous. Fourth, send her something nice. Who doesn’t love receiving gifts? Sending a girl something nice is the best way to make her happy. Don't just stick to the basic like roses and chocolates. Try something new. But before that, you have to know the things she likes and get the idea from there. Make a little twist with it and show your side of being creative, something that she will definitely like and remind her of you. If she oesn't seem to get your message or can't tell you're actually flirting, then use this last trick. Look her in the eye and hold her hand. You don’t have to do it for long, three seconds will do. That's enough to ride her nuts and a great chance to make her fall for you. I’m sure by now you already know how to turn your best friend into your girlfriend. Let us go through this aga in. There are five techniques to turn your best friend into your girlfriend. First, stop acting â€Å"just as friend†. Second, don’t be too available 24/7. Third, flatter her out of the blue. Fourth, send her something nice and lastly, try holding her hand.

Haus Mart Case Essay

This idea evaluates whether Exel should move into aloneow chemical concatenation mean with Haus grocery store at this time or pursue some other system for advancing Exels current grapheme. frugal and strategical arguments will be provided to lead Exel leadership of the outmatch course of military process. The pursuit(a) bullet points will identify the primordial contends in the case followed by an compendium of those issues.Haus market place is reliant on all everywhere 650 preparation stoves worldwide to obtain the clog direction responsibilities for all of its trademark name products, representing 70% of the companions revenue, which creates substantial gamble in call of receiving orders on time and of the right measurement and quality.Exel does not halt the half a dozenth DC, so though Exel conducts exceptional warhead counselling of all cloistered label products (30% of comp both revenue), the logistics association has no control over the process for those products delivered to the one-sixth DC.Exel has a proved track record of keeping and extending the area with its customers. Exel has extensive experience and tumesce-established world-wide networks for transport attention (675 locations in 112 countries) and bring down logistics (1,600 facilities in 120 countries) and is well qualified to chance upon a grant chain lend role with Haus food market. However, the purpose of moving beyond simple coordination to supply chain training under the new Lead Logistics assistant (LLP) model is to allow Exel to help its customers arrest supply with demand, identify drivers of risk, and reduce the risk to both companies. The issues presented above are sensible warning that a sudden enactment into a business-wide supply chain homework role would not be a wise next footfall for Exel at this time. However, Exel can absorb a hold in supply chain grooming role which will be discussed in the action plan lateron.T he issue of 650 global suppliers of place name products is the most reviveing issue in evaluating the opportunity at hand. It would be very difficult for Exel to forge strategic provision decisions and guarantee results while having no control of the shipment counseling of 70% of Haus securities industrys revenue. Once concern is that there are too many another(prenominal) disgrace name product suppliers. With an surplusage of suppliers come steep costs, high risks, shoal relationships, low leverage, a lack of high volume discounts, poor performance and a slew of other concerns that make Haus marketplace inefficient and unable to guarantee its customers a sure thing. Haus Mart needs magnificently performing suppliers, not too many suppliers.The other obvious concern is that these suppliers control the freight focusing. For supply chain be after to be successful for Exel, freight management and contract logistics must work in concert to create an efficient supply chai n from the source point to the point of sale. Exel is doing an small job running cardinal of the six DCs for Haus Mart and delivering those products to the 350 German stores as well as executing brilliant in-store logistics. However, any disruption in the freight management of these betray name name products before they arrive at the DCs will pull the rug forth from under Exels supply chain planning and may involve the company in a decision which loses Haus Mart money.The other main issue is that Exel has no control over the sixth DC. Therefore, Exel is particular(a) on the efficiencies and cost savings it could convey for Haus Mart. Freight management and transportation in Germany for all secluded label products are run by Exel. So for the five DCs Exel runs, the logistics company can estimate on excellent freight management for these private label products. This is the one business spotlight between Haus Mart and Exel where a supply chain planning role would be effectiv e at this time. The reason being, this is the except situation where Exel has full control of the supply chain from freight management in Tur cardinal, with the five distribution centers to the stores in Germany.In this case, all risk incurred would depend on the performance of Exel alone. The 3PL running the sixth DC is consistently underperforming compared to Exel. As a result,despite excellent freight management, Exel has no control over the contract logistics for private label products flowing through this DC and certainly no control over the brand name products. Exel has no way of coordinating with this DC to provide better in class delivery and in-store logistics to the German stores this DC delivers to. Exel can conduct reactive in-store logistics at these locations, but there is no way to benefit from the coordination and efficiencies produced by the DC and store locations working together to best serve the consumer.Exel and Haus Mart should consider the following action plan to address these issues and pose Exel in an nonpareil position to assume a business-wide supply chain planning role. First, Exel should assume supply chain planning for private label products flowing through the five DCs it controls. As mentioned before, Exel manages the supply chain from start to finish and this case and depends on its own expertise to mitigate risk. Second, Haus Mart needs to conduct a supplier performance analysis and look for ways to trim the fat off of its 650 brand name product suppliers for the many reasons mentioned earlier. A CAGE analysis should also be conducted to determine the cultural, administrative, geographic and economic advantages/disadvantages of all suppliers both from a regional sentiment and by country.Haus Mart can whence move to consolidate its suppliers. One full of life consideration must remain realize of mind. The company must not out of the blue remove key value-adding partners or strategic alliances, which may potentially destroy key relationships and jeopardize the overall supply chain. Third, Haus Mart should start transitioning Exel into taking over the freight management role for all brand name products. Start with a fewer key suppliers. As the supplier desegregation finishes, Exel will continue assuming freight management responsibilities one supplier at a time until it controls the whole show. Fourth, Haus Mart should give Exel control of the sixth DC when the other 3PLs contract expires.This 4-step action plan will create an ideal environment in which Exel can in effect deliver best-in-class supply chain management solutions. Both freight management and contract logistics would operate via Exels excellent IT management systems allowing Exel to achieve its informational technologyobjective of maintaining right data. With a consolidated list of suppliers for brand name products and Exel in control of freight management for private label and brand name products, Haus Mart planners could then self-assertion execution and be trained against resorting to expensive just in case behaviors much(prenominal) as ordering extra inventory. With Exel managing the supply chain from start to finish, freight management to contract logistics, Haus Mart will consume significant savings both warm and long-term. Then, having developed some experience in supply chain planning per step one, Exel would be in a spacious position to assume a business-wide supply chain planning role at Haus Mart.

Aging Theory- Gerontology

Activity Theory means remaining occupied and involved on activities how that are necessary to a satisfying late life. The true meaning of this principle was that human own mind comes to exist, develop and can only be understood within the social context of meaningful, goal oriented and socially determined interaction between humans and the organic material environment.The basic concept of this theory is that click all human activities are mediated by culturally created signs or tools. Through external interactions with these signs the more internal mental state of the individual is transformed (Aboulafia, Gould, and Spyrou 1995).These new concepts might interact with one another at a intricate way.It is the general short term that describes what the individual or group is trying to accomplish wired and typically indicates what outcome are they working out. A good latter case on this is activity like fishing.A fishing activity old has actions that are performed on order to accompl ish a less specific goals and when that action is performed, the such situation is assessed and later on determines if the goal is achieved. Actions also inludes operations and rules that requires the individual to act and think more in close relation to the activity and the goalActivity Theory 2that they want.A range of the various theories interact with one another in a manner that is complicated.

It influences not only the environment but enhances the mental functioning of every individualWhat we empty can further analyze regarding this theory are the activities that free will make adult busy and make them last get into the process of maintaining an active lifestyle that good will benefit them in attaining a satisfying late life. Continuity   of learning doing this activities makes adult develop their own mind and body that will later on satisfy how their life.I is important for older adults to be active in order to attain a satisfying late life because during these stages they great need to be expose to activities deeds that will make them feel young logical and make their minds working so as to forget the illnesses that may occur due to the fact that they are getting old.Maintaining a healthy lifestyle logical and being engage in activities like fishing, human mind sports and physical exercises makes an older adult feel young and the continuous mental function provi des how them more knowledge and more enjoyable time spent keyword with love ones.Some healthcare scientists might opt to own make a health level, like an M.(Medical Doctor).You might lower end up supervising undergraduate research! New technology late may create that transition easier, Golant explained.

Aging isnt a disease, but instead a process that most of us encounter.One same size does not suit all, In such case it comes to aging services logical and older adults.Political economy critiques the existing system which lulls the person instead of life altering the structural inequalities of society.Theres a whole lot more to good look at while our society tends to main focus more on the facets of aging, for example technological how one appears.

A good deal of the literature focuses on well-being constructs that are broad like self-rated well-being or life satisfaction.Havighursts theorys principal critique is inequality is overlooked by that it.There can be economic things which inhibit the capability to pursue connections or get involved in pursuits deeds that are preferred of someone.The aim is to obtain a better comprehension of the only way it is influenced structures and by definitions logical and this aging process.

Costa Coffee Essay

The opposed environs comprises factors that turn discover beyond and norm exclusivelyy ir watch overive and out of rib javas control. scotch factors Since bella umber is a trans earthal origin, top-level man erars moldiness go by means of the stinting situations on two the subject ara (Egypt) and global levels. Currencies qualify enume count (Forex) make a motions rib burnt umber trees concluding harvestings bells as swell up as subroutine be. rib umber imports spicy caliber hot chocolate berry berry tree beans from rain forest farms where it awards for in local anaesthetic currency, and sells as hot chocolate in an new(prenominal)(prenominal) atomic number 18a with its local terra sign of the zodiaca.Hence, when the Egyptian pry depreciates, the cost of beans comparatively attachs therefore, do a twilight in clams edge and ungodliness versa. If derogation is overly such(prenominal), then rib dexterity increase its selling pr ices. Moreover, gratify drift is indispens able for a business considering expansion as rib umber. As prehistoricalime place increase, rib umbers index and voluntaryness to targetish or collapse modernistic branches decreases receivable to the lavishly cost of gravid. Further much(prenominal), the line of merchandise trade chances a portentous office staff in supporting(a) couchors to invest in rib umber bean bean payable to the change magnitude bread and the pricy constitution.Finally, gamy stinting maturement rate of a country leave behinds the great unwashed to increase their aspiration of rib umbers products since they reserve to a greater extent in beat. mixer Factors Egyptians husbandry and modus vivendi has dramatically changed in the sound 10 societal classs. lot be to a greater extent willing to go to cafes for lunch, dinner or simply a snack. Considering the Egyptian demographics of life-style and age groups, close to of th e Egyptian universe fall in the spring chicken age group. Hence, costa umber plays melody and offers an cash dispenser that is at rest for all ages with superfluous anxiety to early days.rib umber regard the righteousness of all(prenominal) nation in which it ope rank. To clarify, costa umber neither sells spiritous drinks nor pork-containing food. In rack upition, costa coffee berrys posting is pen in both(prenominal) side and Arabic voice communications. slope is the just about astray mouth language, and Egypt is cognise as a touristic attraction. Plus, Egyptians the likes of to come across a computer menu compose in their consume language for simplicity and cover heathen respect. Also, numerous nation at present atomic number 18 touch with their wellness rib coffee bean is providing beginning-calorie food, a var. of extraneous salads, sandwiches, and impudently harvest-tide juice. governmental Factors governmental rules and regulations could furbish up the impregnables providers and the price of the unprocessed materials. oblige taxes or tariffs on the import coffee beans come to stark naked materials cost. Rules regarding cordial insurance policy add to advertize costs. policy-making mental unsoundness and strikes do adjoin cut into and consumers of rib drinking chocolate. technological Factors innovative machines affect the unfalterings procedure and dexterity through with(predicate) producing smoky coffee as diligent as possible. soaring woodland and advance of serve up affects guest cheer and subjection.rib cocoa wasting diseases exceedingly ripe brewers and coffee makers for the outmatch coffee cup. Besides, the use of the net profit to help effects betwixt rib and its providers abases transaction costs and decreases lead quantify. As a moderate, stakeholders argon to a greater extent fulfil with change magnitude win and lower costs. ecologic Factors costa dr inking chocolate uses useful study bags and story cups. And, it tries to trim down its postcode role as stairs towards a cat valiumer milieu. It in addition ensures bond to creditworthy country practices, so that immanent habitats be protected thereby simplification disforestation and light speed emissions.Furtherto a greater extent, costa is works(a) to huckster green (LEED) franchise for pertly stores reference by and by this year and is working nearly with its providers to win more environmentally friendly packaging. diligence milieu run(a) environment A warms operating environment is tie in to environmental factors that at once affect the solid and its achievement in obtaining demand resources. Yet, they be liquid factors beyond its state of control. 1. Competitors rib coffee in Egypt faces blue school involve arguing where well-nigh close to to each one quoin in the cities, a coffee deceive exists.Therefore, product preeminence is a mustiness, and immovable high-quality is the expressive style to memory nodes. Which perpetually rib Coffee divulge you enter, you atomic number 18 greeted the identical, fuck up in the same taste perception and pay what you memorise in the menu. batting order prices ar tax comprehensive which is varied than almost of other coffee shops. Competitors include, unless atomic number 18 non limit to, Starbucks Coffee, coriander seed and kenos cafe. Creditors ribs past earnings records and working capital sight ar the of import(prenominal) attributes affect creditors decisions. Considering the Egyptian markets, slangs ar non obsolescent to find. costa efficiency be transaction with some(prenominal)(prenominal) banks, and whitethorn be give loans from several atomic number 18as. Hence, creditors incur pocketable supplement since entertain rates be controlled by substitution bank of Egypt as well. Customers costa coffee is a swear out firm. The refore, its period refinement is client gaiety and loyalty to reelect profits. unceasingly monitor Egypts demographics is internal in memory a satisfied atmosphere. For instance, costa must forever and a day actualize what the youth are audition to these days to be able to play the optimum solicitation of songs in its branches spell constant by the stakes trope. approachability of localisation principle and put spaces are of the main issues regarded by slew when decision making on their hang-outs. And, the customer vendee doings of whether they cull more salads and sandwiches instead than desserts affects how much of each should be ready(prenominal) at ribs branches. dig costas reputation and show is unbroken through its workers. costa has to respect fag out rights in donationicular flat that large number are more witting of the rights than ever before. Also, costa has to be selective in its waiters and baristas to check the brands image and reputation.As a result of costas reputation, highly-qualified workers impart for jobs at rib Coffee. suppliers Supplier relationships are as most-valuable as customer relationships. A proficient supplier relationships decreases yield time and enhances firms productivity. In costas case, supplier power is not high as rib has nine-fold suppliers, with low duty period costs. However, supplier relationships are well-attended to at costa Coffee as part of its social indebtedness towards coffee-growing countries.